Laboratory Procedures

What happens in the embryology lab: ICSI, time-lapse, PGT and cryostorage.

The IVF laboratory is the place where a key part of the infertility treatment process takes place. 

Here, fertilization, gamete and embryo quality assessment, time-lapse development monitoring, blastocyst culture, preimplantation genetic testing (PGT), as well as freezing and storage are performed. 

At Polyclinic Cito the IVF laboratory is an integrated part of the entire treatment process, in constant cooperation with the physicians who lead the procedure. This approach enables timely decisions, individual adjustment of procedures and the maximum level of safety in every step of the IVF cycle.

Page Overview

Why is embryology crucial in ART?

The same stimulation protocol can have completely different outcomes if the laboratory component is not stable and standardized. Embryology is the "heart" of the ART procedure: from the moment eggs are aspirated to the moment the embryo is transferred to the uterus or frozen, every detail in the laboratory can affect the outcome.

At Poliklinika Cito, the embryology laboratory works in close collaboration with the gynecological and urological team. This means that all steps – from aspiration, sperm processing, fertilization, embryo monitoring to planning transfer or FET cycles – form a unified, clearly planned process.

What actually happens in the IVF laboratory?

For many couples, the laboratory is the "invisible" part of the procedure – they know that egg cells are aspirated and later receive information about the number of embryos, but not what happens in between. Here is a simplified overview of the main steps.

  • Sample reception and identification – double verification of couple identity for egg cells and sperm.
  • Sperm preparation – concentration and selection of morphologically best sperm.
  • Fertilization – classic IVF or ICSI, depending on findings and team recommendation.
  • Embryo cultivation – monitoring development day by day under controlled conditions.
  • Quality assessment – embryological evaluation and selection of embryos for transfer or freezing.

Detailed numbers of fertilized eggs, developing embryos and final blastocysts are always provided in your personalized embryological report.

Who is this page especially useful for?

We are most often contacted by couples who:

  • have already undergone ART at other centers and want to better understand the laboratory part;
  • have a good number of egg cells but poor embryo development;
  • are planning FET and want to know how embryos are stored and thawed;
  • want a "second opinion" and analysis of previous embryological reports.
Schedule a consultation about your previous results

Steps of the embryological part of the procedure

1. Sample reception and preparation

After egg cell aspiration and sperm collection, each sample is double-identified, processed and recorded in the laboratory system.

2. Fertilization (IVF/ICSI)

Depending on sperm findings and indication, classic IVF or ICSI micromanipulation procedure is performed – aiming for the highest number of quality fertilized eggs.

3. Embryo cultivation and monitoring

Embryos develop under controlled incubator conditions, with daily development monitoring and recording of key parameters for later assessment.

4. Embryo selection and plan

In agreement with the clinical team, the number and quality of embryos for transfer is selected, as well as embryos intended for freezing and planned FET cycle.

Every couple and every cycle is different, but the structure of the laboratory part is always clear. This helps you know where you are in the process and what possible next questions are.
If you have already undergone ART, we can go through your previous embryological report together and explain all items in a calm, understandable language.

Technology in the embryology laboratory

Technology alone does not bring pregnancy, but it is a prerequisite for embryos to develop in stable, controlled conditions – with minimal fluctuations in temperature, gases and humidity. Our laboratory is organized to support every detail of this process.

  • focus on stable embryo cultivation conditions;
  • standardized protocols for IVF, ICSI and FET;
  • double identity checks of samples at all critical points;
  • close connection between the laboratory and the ART team and gynecology.
Embryology

Advanced incubators and controlled conditions

Embryos develop in incubators with constant control of temperature, gases and humidity. This reduces fluctuations that could affect development quality.

Micromanipulation

Precise ICSI systems

In the ICSI procedure, we use micromanipulators that enable precise insertion of individual sperm into the egg cell, with constant control of laboratory conditions.

Documentation

Standardized protocols and records

Each sample is accompanied by clear records and double identity verification – from collection to freezing and FET – to ensure patient safety comes first.

Advanced laboratory techniques and tools

The following methods are used selectively, only when there is a medical indication and when we jointly assess that they can help you improve the outcome of the procedure.

Geri® time-lapse incubator

Continuous monitoring of embryo development in the incubator without frequent door opening. This maintains stable conditions and enables additional analysis of embryo development dynamics.

EmbryoGlue®

A special medium used during embryo transfer, aimed at helping the embryo implant in the uterine lining. Applied to selected couples, by indication.

ZyMōt® (microfluidics)

Microfluidic method of selecting more motile and morphologically normal sperm. Can be useful in cases of poor sperm parameters or previous failed procedures.

Assisted hatching (AH)

Thinning or micro-opening of the embryo shell in selected situations (e.g., FET, certain patient groups). The protocol is agreed individually, together with the doctor and embryologist.

mTESE and advanced testicular procedures

Methods of obtaining sperm from the testes in certain forms of azoospermia, in cooperation with the urological team. They enable finding sperm for ICSI and further laboratory processing.

All advanced techniques are considered individually – according to your age, findings and previous course of treatment. They are not needed in every cycle, but can be an additional option in more complex cases.

Clean room technology 

The IVF laboratory must meet strict professional, technological and safety standards. The precise control of temperature, air quality, humidity and working conditions, as well as a high level of expertise of the embryology team, are key to preserving quality. In equipping the laboratory every detail has been carefully chosen in order to increase the chances of pregnancy.

  •  The laboratory is isolated from all other rooms by an air lock.
  •  The walls are made of antibacterial panels used in clean room technology 

  • By equipping the laboratory with Clean Room technology, the highest standards of safety in the control of work with tissues and cells are met.


Advantages of clean room technology over conventional IVF laboratories

With all these modern techniques we provide the best possible environment for the success of the embryo.

  • The laboratory rooms are heated and the air inside them is continuously filtered for 8 weeks (the so-called burn out), removing all possible traces of toxic compounds.

  • Three series of external filters and one internal filter clean the air of dust, smog, spores, bacteria, viruses and organic substances.

  • The cleaned air is introduced into the laboratory under a pressure of 20 Pa with 20-30 air changes per hour.

  • The rooms next to the laboratory have a lower pressure of cleaned air so that the air always flows out of the laboratory.

Why do couples choose our embryology laboratory?

The combination of experience, technology and clear communication helps couples feel safe at every step – both medically and emotionally.

Advanced embryology laboratory

Standardized protocols, careful embryo cultivation and structured embryological reports – on par with leading centers in the region.

Experienced team of embryologists

Embryologists with many years of experience in ART procedures, who understand both the professional part and the emotions you are going through.

Detailed, understandable report

After the procedure, you receive a clear overview: number of eggs, fertilizations, embryos by development days and a plan for next steps – explained without jargon.

Alignment with the ART team

The laboratory and clinical team work as one unit – from stimulation to FET – so that each step has a clear goal and logic.

Price of laboratory procedures 

The prices of laboratory procedures at Cito Polyclinic are defined transparently and depend on the type of methods applied and the scope of the embryological procedures included in your individual treatment plan.

During the initial consultation we explain in detail which laboratory procedures are included, what forms part of the price, and which services may be charged additionally, with no hidden costs.

The exact scope of the laboratory part of the procedure is always planned individually, in cooperation between the embryology and clinical teams.

You can get the first available consultation appointment by calling +385 21 457 800 or by sending a short message via the contact form

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